A Clear and Simple Explanation of the World of Material and Anti-Material in the Universe 2026
Should one seek to define the world, it may be divided into two fundamental categories: matter and anti-matter. If something occupies space, be affected by force, possesses energy, or exerts influence upon nature, it is termed matter — whether that thing be a galaxy or a tiny photon. It may accordingly be stated that anything within the universe for which a description, physical state, or chemical state can be formulated is, in effect, matter. Anything that does not satisfy these conditions constitutes anti-matter, which, should a designation be required, may be defined as empty space.
It must be noted that anything about which discourse is possible possesses characteristics, and by virtue of having such characteristics, it may be regarded as matter within the universe. If the Big Bang is assumed to constitute the origin of the universe and the foundation of primordial matter, then everything defined as matter has been derived, through successive stages, from the primordial matter of the Big Bang. By way of analogy, should one wish to prepare food or confectionery, hundreds of varieties of each may exist throughout the world; yet if their foundational constituents are considered, the number of primary ingredients will not exceed 10.
In universe — taking the entirety of existence as the universe — clusters, galaxies, stars, planets, and all else constitute the material world, and are composed of primary, basic elements. These primary elements have atomic structure, comprising three components: protons, electrons, and neutrons — the neutron itself being composed of electron and proton. When the universe is regarded in this light, all its grandeur is seen to be composed of primary and basic elements, which are themselves composed of still more fundamental constituents: the primary elements of atoms may be identified as photons, Cidtoniums, Ireniums, and Ilitoniums.
All of these are, in essence, one. Much as a vast ocean is, to a chemist, nothing more than H2O, so too every particle — whether large or small — that is described within the universe possesses an origin and a foundation, which is itself perceptible and tangible; just as the photon constitutes the basic and foundational element for the atoms of the elements.
Conclusion: Any particle defined as a fundamental particle must, necessarily and without exception, have a materially constituted predecessor or successor defined for it.
It may therefore be concluded that every particle named or introduced within universe must have a defined origin, root, and foundation. Such fundamental particles must possess both an upper bound and a lower bound, which invariably expresses the continuity of the function.
References:
[1] Saleh, Gh. "Simple Explanation of the Formation of Primordial Particles (Sub-photons, Photons, Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, and Atoms)." Saleh Theory, 13 May 2026, https://saleh-theory.com/article/simple-explanation-of-the-formation-of-primordial-particles-sub-photons-photons-electrons-protons-neutrons-and-atoms
[2] Saleh, Gh. The Reform Book: A Revolution in Modern Physics. Vol. 2, Saleh Research Centre, 2026, https://saleh-theory.com/files/article/pdf/the-reform-book-a-revolution-in-modern-physics-vol2-2026.pdf
[3] Saleh, Gh. "A Lucid Exposition of Physical Models of Photons Regarding H₂O Chemical Formula in the Universe." Saleh Theory, 06 May 2026, https://saleh-theory.com/article/a-lucid-exposition-of-physical-models-of-photons-regarding-h2o-chemical-formula-in-the-universe
[4] Saleh, Gh. The Reform Book: A Revolution in Modern Physics. Vol. 1, Saleh Research Centre, 2026, https://saleh-theory.com/files/article/pdf/the-reform-book-a-revolution-in-modern-physics-2026.pdf
[5] Saleh, Gh. "A New Discoveries Concerning Sub-Photon Particles: Cidtonium, Irenium and Ilitonium in the Universe." Saleh Theory, 06 Jan. 2026, https://saleh-theory.com/article/a-new-discoveries-concerning-sub-photon-particles-cidtonium-irenium-and-ilitonium-in-the-universe
[6] Saleh, Gh. "10 Robust Reasons Why the Photon is the Building Block of the Universe." Saleh Theory, 12 Jul 2025, https://saleh-theory.com/article/10-robust-reasons-why-the-photon-is-the-building-block-of-the-universe
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