A New, Simple and Fluent Explanation for the Discovery of the New Particle Amaterasu (Cidtonium) Its Nature, Speed, Mass, Density and Other Parameters, in the Universe 2026

Consider a regular weapon capable of launching a cartridge. This cartridge comprises two parts: the case that contains gunpowder, which serves as the propellant charge, and a separate, propelled part known as the bullet. If the bullet is made of plastic in one case and of metal in another, it is beyond doubt that, when the two types of bullets are fired, the energy effect of the metal bullet will exceed that of the plastic bullet — notwithstanding that the dimensions of the two bullets are identical. This is because metals possess a substantially greater density than plastic, and their kinetic energy effect is correspondingly greater. In effect, the greater the density of a bullet, the greater its energy may be said to be.

Given that particles within Universe cannot travel faster than the speed of light, and given that the energy of every particle is E = 1/2 mv² , the speed of any particle in the universe is effectively constant, since no particle can exceed the speed of light. The parameter capable of exerting an influence is therefore the mass, or density, of the particle in question.

According to calculations performed for the Amaterasu particle, its transferred energy is equal to 2.4 × 10²⁰ eV, an energy several million times greater than that of particles observed or calculated till now, on the basis of which it may be accepted as a new particle within Universe.

To explain its nature, however, a preliminary is required. The ancients held that the universe consisted of no more than four elements: air, water, earth and fire. As science advanced, humankind arrived at a particle known as the atom, itself composed of primary particles named the electron, proton and neutron: protons and neutrons occupy the central nucleus, while electrons, in specific numbers, occupy various orbits around it. Indeed, the principal physical and chemical differences among the elements lie in the number of electrons within their electron orbits and the number of protons and neutrons within the nucleus; it is this variation in number that confers distinctive properties upon the different elements. It may thus be said that every element possesses its own particular configuration and density, although these properties are uniform among the fundamental particles themselves. In other words, when the structure of atoms is broken down, the primary, or fundamental, particles are reached, each possessing its own distinct characteristics.

If proton particles are brought together, the result is a small sphere known as a white dwarf, composed predominantly of protons, with a density of 10¹² to 10¹⁴ Kg/m³. In effect, this density is present from the outset within the particles constituting the white dwarf, yet it is vastly greater than the density of the elements.

Indeed, it may be said that the further the structure of fundamental particles is broken down, and the smaller the primary particles thereby reached, the higher a density may be attained. As an example, consider a warship of several million tonnes, the entire structure of which is composed of iron or steel: owing to the shape imparted to that vessel, the iron and steel remain afloat upon the water, notwithstanding that the density of iron relative to water is such that iron or steel alone would not remain afloat. It is only because this structure has been deliberately designed to reduce the effective density of the vessel — built from iron, steel and other materials — that such very large ships and vessels are able to remain afloat upon the water.

By means of this example, it is intended to convey that the density of the elements of the universe — namely the electron and the proton — may reach values in the range of 10¹³ to 10¹⁸ Kg/m³. If a fundamental particle is to be defined in relation to the proton and the electron, one of the best candidates for such a fundamental particle is the photon. Just as elements possess atoms, and atoms possess primary and fundamental particles such as the electron and the proton, which themselves possess their own primary particles, so too does the photon possess a primary particle, here termed Cidtonium, whose density relative to the photon is around 10⁸ Kg/m³ and more.

Indeed, were the energy of this particle to be calculated, it would amount to one million times a further coefficient. To offer an explanation for this new particle, Amaterasu — which is Cidtonium — its source may logically be attributed to particles emitted, following the Big Bang, from the explosion of extremely large stars, or from the output of black holes (white holes), from which highly energetic particles are emitted. On this basis, the current and ever-present source of Amaterasu particles, or Cidtonium, may be considered to be white holes.

Note:

Given that the new particle discovered by the detection telescope of the State of Utah, USA, — which has also been examined by the Max Planck Institute — possesses a kinetic energy value 10⁷ times greater than that of the fundamental atomic particles found in nature, it may readily be concluded that the density and speed of this particle are very substantially greater than those of fundamental particles such as the proton and the photon. It will be demonstrated in future work that the speed of the Amaterasu particle (Cidtonium) is several times greater, and its density greater by a factor of 10ⁿ, than that of fundamental particles such as the proton and the photon.

References:

[1] Telescope Array Collaboration*†, et al. " An extremely energetic cosmic ray observed by a surface detector array ." Science 382.6673 (2023): 903-907.

[2] “Cosmic Investigations: Tracing the Origin of the Astrophysical Particle Amaterasu.” Max Planck Society, 6 Feb. 2026, https://www.mpg.de/26102988/cosmic-investigations-tracing-the-origin-of-the-astrophysical-particle-amaterasu⁠ ⁠. Accessed 3 Aug. 2026.

[3] Saleh, Gh. The Reform Book: A Revolution in Modern Physics. Volume Ⅱ, Saleh Research Centre, 2026, https://saleh-theory.com/files/article/pdf/the-reform-book-a-revolution-in-modern-physics-vol2-2026.pdf

[4] Saleh, Gh. "A New Discoveries Concerning Sub-Photon Particles: Cidtonium, Irenium and Ilitonium In the Universe." Saleh Theory, 06 Jan 2026, https://saleh-theory.com/article/a-new-discoveries-concerning-sub-photon-particles-cidtonium-irenium-and-ilitonium-in-the-universe

[5] Saleh, Gh. The Reform Book: A Revolution in Modern Physics. Vol. 1, Saleh Research Centre, 2026, https://saleh-theory.com/files/article/pdf/the-reform-book-a-revolution-in-modern-physics-2026.pdf

[6] Saleh, Gh. "Cidtonium: A Hypothetical Fundamental Atom Underlying the Structure of Photons in the Universe." APS Southeastern Section Meeting Abstracts. Vol. 92. 2025.

[7] Saleh, Gh. "Proof of a New Fundamental Particle Called Cidtonium by Using White Dwarfs and Black Holes." APS Northwest Section Meeting Abstracts. Vol. 23. 2023.